| What is biotechnology? Biotechnology is a technology that uses biological systems, living organisms, or parts of it to produce or create different products. Bread is an example of a process in the concept of biotechnology (use of yeast = living thing).
To produce the desired product. Such traditional processes typically use living organisms in their natural form (or are further developed by breeding them), while the modern form of biotechnology generally involves more advanced changes in the biological system or organism.
With the development of genetic engineering in the 1970s, research in biotechnology (and other related fields such as medicine, biology, etc.) rapidly expanded due to the possibility of changes in the genetic material of living organisms (DNA).
Today, biotechnology covers many different disciplines (eg genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, etc.).
New technologies and products are developed every year in different fields. Such as: medicine (development of new drugs and treatment), agriculture (development of genetically modified plants, biofuels, biological treatment) or industrial biotechnology (production of chemicals, paper, textiles and food).
Evolution of Biotechnology 1. The historical period in which human beings subconsciously use biological processes to produce fermented products such as bread, dairy products, pickles, vinegar, and so on. The Egyptians baked bread with yeast and dough four thousand years ago. During this period, simple and basic biotechnological processes, especially fermentation by humans, were used.
2. The early period of the present century, when the conscious use of techniques to ferment and kill microorganisms in suitable environments and subsequently the use of fermenters in the production of antibiotics, enzymes, food applications, chemicals, organics and other compounds, is practiced by human beings. During that period, it became part of the science of industrial microbiology, and the process of using these processes in human life continues today. However, it is predicted that with the use of modern biotechnology techniques, many of the above processes will also be affected and will change towards more improvement and efficiency.
3. The new era of biotechnology, which, with the help of the science of "genetics", is making a difference in human life. New biotechnology has been developing for some time and is becoming more and more widespread.
Biotechnology and genetic engineering methods began in 1976 with the transfer of genes from one microorganism to another. Before that, scientists used the natural and intrinsic properties of organisms or microorganisms in biotechnological processes.
What is the application of biotechnology in medicine? Biotechnology techniques are used in medicine to diagnose and treat various diseases. It provides an opportunity for people to protect themselves from dangerous diseases.
The field of biotechnology, genetic engineering, introduces techniques such as gene therapy, recombinant DNA technology, and polymerase chain reaction that uses genes and DNA molecules to diagnose diseases and insert new, healthy genes into the body that replace damaged cells.
Biotechnology applications in medicine Biopharmaceuticals: These drugs are developed using microorganisms without the use of synthetics or chemicals. Large protein molecules are usually the source of biological drugs. They are hidden in the body when attacked by mechanisms. It destroys diseases without any side effects. Scientists are currently trying to develop biological drugs for the drug. Which can be treated against diseases such as hepatitis, cancer and heart disease.
Gene therapy: Used to refine and diagnose diseases such as cancer and Parkinson''s. The device of this technique is this. That attack genes beneath the body that either kill or replace damaged cells. In some cases, genes are modified according to genetic information. And that means genes start working for the benefit of the body.
Pharmacological genomics: Pharmacological genomics is another genetically modified method used to learn genetic information of personality. It analyzes the body''s response to safe drugs. It is a combination of drugs and genomics. The purpose of this field is to spread drugs. Which is entered in the person based on the genetic information available in the person.
Genetic testing: This technique of inheritance in order to conclude. Genetic diseases are used to screen parents, sex and carriers. The genetic testing technique is to use DNA proteins that have similar sequences to the mutated sequences. This method is also used to identify criminals and test the child''s parents. |